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Gravina in Puglia ((ラテン語:Silvium); ) is a town and ''comune'' of the Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia, southern Italy. The word ''gravina'' comes from the Latin ''grava'' or from the messapic ''graba'', with the meaning of ''rock'', ''shaft'' and ''erosion of bank river''.〔http://www.boegan.it/fileadmin/user_upload/upload/pdf/ATTI_E_MEMORIE_PDF/VOLUME41/07_-_Pericolosita_geomorfologica_in_ambiente_carsico.pdf〕〔Rohlfs, 1976〕 Other words that share the same root are ''grava'', ''gravaglione'' and ''gravinelle''.〔Parise, 2003〕 Instead, when the emperor Frederick II went to Gravina, because of the large extension of the lands and for the presence of wheat, he decided to give to it the motto ''Grana dat et vina.'', that is to say ''It offers wheat and wine.''〔''Periodic of cultural information, Gravina's Castle, Cocco Cornacchia, January 1990''〕 ==History== The town was founded by the Greeks during the colonization of Greater Greece, as a ''polis'' with the right of a mint of his own. Diodorus notes it as an Apulian town, which was wrested from the Samnites by the Romans during the 3rd Samnite War (305 or 306 BCE).〔Diod. xx. 80〕 It was a town in the interior of Apulia. It is noticed by Strabo〔vi. p. 283〕 as the frontier town of the Peucetii, and its name is noticed by Pliny among the municipal towns of Apulia.〔Plin. iii. 11. s. 16〕 The Via Appia, which linked Rome to Brindisi, passed through Gravina. The Itineraries place it from Venusia, on the branch of the Appian Way which led direct to Tarentum. Later it was ruled by Byzantines, Lombards and North African Muslims. The city was the site of a Norman countship in the Hauteville Kingdom of Sicily and in the later Kingdom of Naples. A famous count of the former was Gilbert, who was sent by his cousin, the Queen regent Margaret of Navarre to the peninsula to combat the Holy Roman Emperor. In the latter period it was the hereditary fief of John, Duke of Durazzo. The Normans called the town Garagnone or Garaynone. From 1386 to 1816 it was a fief of the Orsini family: the pope Benedict XIII (Pietro Francesco Orsini-Gravina) was born here in 1649. Feudal oppression led to numerous riots, in particular from 1789 until the unification of Italy (1861). Gravina in Puglia was partly destroyed by Allied bombings during World War II. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gravina in Puglia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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